MICROCONTROLLER-BASED SMART ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM

Abstract

This paper presents a smart energy monitoring system developed on the basis of the ESP32 microcontroller and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system enables real-time electric energy consumption measurement, transmits data to the ThingsBoard cloud platform via the MQTT protocol, and provides users with online analytics through a web interface. The prototype, constructed using an ACS712 current sensor and a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, achieved an accuracy rate of 98.72% during a 30-day trial period. The average data transmission latency was recorded at 230 ms. The total cost of the system is 82 USD, which is 4 to 10 times more cost-effective than commercially available counterparts. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed system is fully compatible with the 220V/50Hz standards of the Uzbekistan power grid and satisfies the requirements of the “Digital Energy Control” state program. Future research aims to enrich the system with artificial intelligence algorithms and adapt it for three-phase power networks.