TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE KOKAND KHANATE AND RUSSIA IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Abstract

This article examines the trade and economic relations between the Kokand Khanate and the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century. The study analyzes the formation and development of trade relations, the role of Kokand in regional trade routes, and the development of agriculture, cotton production, handicrafts, and domestic and foreign trade. Particular attention is paid to the expansion of Russian commercial interests in Turkestan and their influence on the economic development of the Kokand Khanate. The article also examines trade relations between Kokand and neighboring regions and states, including China, Kashgar, Bukhara, Khiva, India, and the Kazakh and Kyrgyz territories. Based on historical sources and the accounts of Russian and European travelers, the study highlights the economic potential and strategic importance of the Kokand Khanate. The findings indicate that the khanate occupied an important position in the regional trade network due to its geographical location, fertile agricultural lands, developed handicrafts, and extensive trade routes.